MR thermometry, and more specifically the proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift method, has been widely employed for monitoring temperature change. However, breathing motion tends to corrupt the image phase that PRF relies upon. An existing free-breathing method called ‘multi-baseline thermometry’ was improved here by including a small ultrasound-based sensor fixed to the abdomen of the volunteer, to further help monitor and handle breathing motion. Utilizing both morphology (as in multi-baseline thermometry) and sensor information, better estimates of temperature changes could be achieved during breathing.
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