We investigated effects on the diffusion MRI signal from harmonic and stochastic variations in the trajectories of thin axon-like structures. Trajectories with different types of variations exhibited characteristically different diffusion spectra (time-dependence) that, for low frequencies, bare similarities with those from restricted diffusion environments. Non-straight trajectories can thus bias axon diameter estimation. Results also indicated that observable effects of structural disorder may not be specific for extracellular diffusion but may also be found for intra-axonal spaces.
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