Resting-state fMRI (rsFMRI) has been used for studying training-related changes in brain function during the offline period of skill learning. However, the lack of experimental control during “rest” makes it difficult to separate the impact of training from technical artifacts and experimental confounds like time-of-day (TOD) related changes in MRI signal. Here, by using multiple tasks (rest, visuo-spatial training, motor sequence training), we mapped out the spatial topography of changes in rsFC evoked by TOD and by training. Our findings suggest that task-specific changes in rsFC due to visuo-spatial and motor-sequence learning are dissociable from changes due to TOD.
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