Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has a great relevance in metabolic diseases and has been shown to be reduced in obesity and insulin resistance patients. Currently, Dixon MRI is used to calculate fat-water fraction (FWF) and differentiate BAT from the less hydrated and more lipid-rich white fat. However, it may introduce fat-water swapping artifacts. Here, we showed that Z-Spectrum MRI can effectively measure FWF and BAT mass in vivo free from artifacts, due to the direct saturation of both water and fat protons.
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