In prior studies, children with prenatal methamphetamine-(PME) or tobacco-exposure (PTE) showed elevated brain metabolites levels. The current study evaluated infants with PME and PTE during the first 5 months of life and found abnormal developmental trajectories of metabolites in the frontal white matter, with abnormally lower levels of total creatine [tCr], N-acetylaspartate [NAA], and glumate+glutamine [Glx] at baseline, and steeper developmental trajectories that resulted in normal or elevated levels after 2-months old. Furthermore, the trajectories of basal ganglia-[NAA] and corticospinal tract-[tCr] further contributed to the slower muscle tone development in PME infants, especially the males.
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