Cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) is an accurate strain imaging technique that generally requires breath-holding. We have recently developed a free-breathing method with image-based navigators (iNAVs) that makes use of the localized signal generation property of stimulated echoes (STE) to facilitate the estimation of heart motion due to respiration. However the non-localized echo due to T1 relaxation presents challenges. We propose to use principle component analysis (PCA) to separate the STE and T1-relaxation echo signals and improve the accuracy of motion estimation with iNAVs for free-breathing cine DENSE.
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