Acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors may have significant deficits in processing speed and working memory even when treated with only chemotherapy. We investigate the relationship of diffusion tensor imaging metrics in an a priori brain structural network with neurocognitive functions such as processing speed and working memory. We found that fractional anisotropy values in the structural network were significantly positively associated with processing speed performance in two MR exams two years apart, and axial diffusivity values were negatively associated with working memory in the MR exam at the end of therapy. These findings may provide potential evidence for a structural neurocognitive network.
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