3D free-breathing approaches have shown potential for abdominal imaging in patients who are unable performing breath-holds, such as pediatric patients and uncooperative adults. However, these free-breathing techniques fail when bulk motion occurs. This study proposes a method to detect and exclude such bulk motion to ensure diagnostic image quality, even in this challenging group of patients. Without requiring user interaction, this technique improves robustness for abdominal MR imaging, while minimizing the scan time on an individual basis, using a real-time implementation on the MRI system, which may enable robust non-sedated pediatric imaging.
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