Although immunotherapy presents an attractive new treatment option for patients with pancreatic cancer, its implementation has been underwhelming. As a critical first step in understanding this failure, we have applied hyperpolarized pyruvate spectroscopic imaging and NMR spectroscopy to interrogate the metabolic properties of pancreatic tumors cultivated in the presence of different immune environments. We observed that the immune environment in which a pancreatic tumor is harvested significantly alters metabolic function and that these metabolic differences exhibit a temporal dependence with respect to tumor development.
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