Translational research models using brain MRI to study non-human primates (NHPs) can provide insight into normal/abnormal human neurodevelopment. In particular, voxel-wise longitudinal imaging designs can characterize the trajectory of change in brain structure among individual subjects. This study analyzes morphometric changes among a cohort of rhesus monkeys during late infancy, revealing total brain volume decreases driven by local volumetric contraction in frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. Characterizing NHP neurodevelopment may facilitate our understanding of complex normal and delayed human brain development, and provide a model to evaluate the influence of postnatal experiences on brain structure, cognitive ability and social behaviors.
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