Diffusion MRI with higher b-values and custom-designed diffusion schemes are critical to identify subtle and coexisting pathology in CNS. In the current study, we employed single-axial high-b diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and low-b diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) to assess mouse optic nerve crush acutely. The results suggested coexisting CNS pathology affected apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and low-b DBSI was able to reflect axon and myelin integrity as well as inflammatory edema and cellularity even before histological detection. DBSI-detected axon volume correlated with axonal loss negatively, suggesting cytotoxic-edema-associated axonal swelling might mask axonal loss acutely.
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