We applied Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for mapping cortical visual areas and networks based on resting-state fMRI signals within the visual cortex. We found that spontaneous brain activity at rest exhibits reliable network patterns not only in the whole-brain scale but also in much finer scales. These networks show notable differences compared to the classical visual regions defined with retinotopic mapping or cytoarchitecture. In addition, these networks are anatomically segregated and functionally specialized into three modules: the dorsal pathway, the ventral pathway, and the early visual areas shared by these two pathways.
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