Measuring neural activities simultaneously with fMRI using electrophysiology approaches has been valuable in elucidating neural basis of BOLD signals, but is also technically challenging due to interferences from MRI scanners. Optical recording of neural activities such as calcium signals has minimal interferences from MRI, and thus has opened new avenues of simultaneous acquisition of neural and BOLD signals. The current study first demonstrated the feasibility of using protein based calcium indicator (GCaMP6) to simultaneously and repeatedly acquire calcium and BOLD signals in the MRI scanner, with significant increases of both signals in response to visual stimulation.
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