Kai Zhong1, Lynn Anderson2, Linda
Chang2, Thomas Ernst2, Oliver Speck1
1Biomedical Magnetic Resonance,
Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Saxon-Anhalt, Germany; 2Department
of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
Direct
phase images have been shown to yield superior gray (GM) and white matter
(WM) contrast at high field compared to conventional magnitude images.
However, the contrast mechanisms are still being discussed. Previous studies
are limited to high field and adult volunteers or patients. In this study,
phase imaging in neonates is demonstrated for the first time and provides
insights to the various factors contributing to phase contrast, such as water
macromolecule exchange (WME) and myelination. Phase differences between GM
and WM are significantly reduced in neonates prior to myelination and seem to
originate primarily from WME contrast. Therefore, direct phase imaging can
study brain development and related pathologies in neonates.