Quantification of Pulmonary Vein Off-Resonance Frequency Through the Cardiac Cycle: Implications for Non-Contrast Pulmonary Vein MRA

Peng Hu¹, Christian Stoeck¹, Dana C. Peters¹, Kraig V. Kissinger¹, Beth Goddu¹, Lois Goepfert¹, Neil M. Rofsky¹, Warren J. Manning¹, Reza Nezafat¹

Significant off-resonance exists in the pulmonary veins (PV) due to their close proximity to the lungs. In this study, we report that PV blood exhibits a mean off-resonance of 58~113Hz which remains relatively constant through the cardiac cycle. We use this frequency shift to enhance the PV blood signal in SSFP imaging.