There are two overarching challenges of clinical diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: the estimation of long-range structural connectivity, and second, the quantification of tissue properties at the a cellular scale of micrometers. Here we propose a global optimization framework that tries to resolve both challenges for human white matter fibers, by unifying global fiber tractography and intra-voxel mesoscopic modeling. The algorithm is based on a Simulated Annealing approach which simultaneously optimizes diffusion parameters and fiber locations. Additionally, fibers can carry their individual set of diffusion microparameters which allows to link them by their structural relationships.
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